Evolution of Institutes of Science and Education. Why We Do What We Do

Abstract

The paper describes interrelations between development of education, sciences and economic development through a brief analysis of European and Russian history of establishing and evolution of institutions of science and education, time-lags in the development of universities, and integration of science and engineering. The shows that it was institutions that play a crucial role in evolution of educational and innovative systems and set certain inertia in the development of science and education. At the same time they can create conditions for positive personnel selection and making economic development dynamic. However, an extensive growth of science and education in the past resulted not only in positive results. The splitting of the higher education system and science taken place in the USSR together with ideological control, partial isolation, repressions and personnel policy resulted in lag of the Russian science and higher education system behind the worlds ones.