ISSN (print) - 0131-7652

ISSN (online) - 2686-7605

Vol. 50 No. 6 (2020)
DEBATES

Agrarian Ideologies of Fascism Among Alternatives of Rural Development in 1920–1930

PDF (Русский)
  • A. Nikulin
A. Nikulin
Centre for Agrarian Studies, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration; Director of the Chayanov Research Center, Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences
Bio
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2020-6-171-192

Published 2020-06-01

Keywords

  • agrarian ideology,
  • agrarian policy,
  • development alternatives,
  • Peasant international,
  • fascist Italy,
  • Nazi Germany,
  • Manzhou guo
    • ...More
    Less

How to Cite

1.
Nikulin А. Agrarian Ideologies of Fascism Among Alternatives of Rural Development in 1920–1930. ECO [Internet]. 2020 Jun. 1 [cited 2024 Sep. 21];50(6):171-92. Available from: https://ecotrends.ru/index.php/eco/article/view/4052

Abstract

 For the global rural development, the 1920–1930s were a period of search for ways to modernize agriculture on basis of such ideologies as democratic European agrarianism, American and Soviet agrarian industrialism, and also authoritarian rural nationalism in the countries in which the Nazis won. The paper presents an overview of features of these agricultural alternatives and identifies milestones in the rise and decline of the left ideology developed and supported by the Soviet Peasant International. The author focuses on analysis of the rise and expansion of extreme right agrarian ideologies in fascist Italy, Nazi Germany and the Manzhou-go state, and describes general and specific features of fascist agrarian ideologies that managed to paradoxically incorporate elements of democratic cooperative movement, state capitalism and even socialist collectivism into the foundations of their nationalistic conservative policies. The author concludes that, despite short-term relative successes of fascist agrarian policy in the 1930s, the fascist leaders did not bring the promised prosperity to the peasants. On the contrary, fascist ideologists deceived them with programs for mobilization of national resources for the benefit of rural development, because fascist governments redirected the results of this mobilization to militarization of national economies which was followed by the outbreak of World War II that brought so many disasters to the peasantry.
PDF (Русский)

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