Том 53 № 9 (2023)
Тема номера: На том стоим и развиваться будем!

Подарок санкций: анализ оценок российской экономики, 2022–2023 гг.

Джэймс К. Гэлбрейт
Техасский университет в Остине
Bio

Опубликован 30.08.2023

Ключевые слова

  • санкции; Россия

Как цитировать

1.
Гэлбрейт ДК. Подарок санкций: анализ оценок российской экономики, 2022–2023 гг. ECO [Интернет]. 30 август 2023 г. [цитируется по 27 июль 2024 г.];53(9):8-32. доступно на: https://ecotrends.ru/index.php/eco/article/view/4649

Аннотация

В предлагаемом эссе дан анализ нескольких известных западных оценок, как официальных, так и неофициальных, относительно влияния международных экономических санкций на российскую экономику и на военные действия на Украине. В нем делается попытка понять главные цели санкций, а также факты и причинно-следственные связи, которые лежат в основе [официального] консенсуса о том, что санкции до сих пор были весьма эффективными. Такое понимание может прояснить связь между утверждениями экономистов-наблюдателей за пределами России и источников внутри страны, в частности, оценки, исходящие от экономистов, связанных с Российской академией наук. Они делают резко различающиеся заключения из анализа одних и тех же фактов. Мы пришли к выводу, что применительно к крупной, богатой ресурсами, технически развитой экономике, после периода шока и адаптации санкции эквивалентны жестким защите внутренних рынков, промышленной политике и контролю над движением капитала. Это та политика, которую российское правительство не смогло бы по собственной инициативе реализовать даже в 2022 г.

Библиографические ссылки

  1. Biekert, Mary and Alexandre Tanzi (2022). “Dollar Steals Global Payment Flows from Euro Amid Market Turmoil,” Bloomberg, 22 Sept. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022–09-22/dollar-steals-global-payment-flows-from-euro-amid-market-turmoil?lead
  2. Blanchard, Emily (2022). Russia’s Long-Run Economic Growth Prospects, Values-Based Trade, and Building Resilient Supply Chains. 2 Dec. Foreign Press Center Briefing. Available at: https://www.State.Gov/Briefings-foreign-press-centers/Russias-long-run-economic-growth- prospects
  3. Blinken, Antony J. (2023). Sanctioning Evasion Network Supporting Russia’S Military-Industrial Complex. 1 Feb., Press Statement. Available at: https://ua.usembassy.gov/tag/russias-military-industrial- complex/.
  4. Brockoetter, Fabian (2023). “Russian poultry industry sets ambitious targets for 2023.” Poultry World, 13 Jan. Available at: https://www.poultryworld.net/the-industrymarkets/market-trends-analysis-the-industrymarkets-2/russian-poultry-industry-sets-ambitious-targets-for-2023/
  5. Brzezinski, Nadin (2023). Consequences of the Defeat of Russia. Medium, 2 Jan. Available at: https://nadinbrzezinski.medium.com/consequences-of-the-defeat-of-russia-ec7e12c9971c.
  6. Davies, Pascale (2023). Half of the European Union and One-third of the World Face Recession in 2023, IMF Warns. Euronews, 2 Jan. Available at: https://www.euronews.com/next/2023/01/02/half-of-the-european-union-and-one-third-of-the-world-face-recession-in-2023-imf-warns1
  7. Eurostat (2023). Q4 2022: Business Bankruptcies Highest since 2015. 17 Feb. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20220217–2
  8. Galbraith, J.K. (2023). The Gift of Sanctions: An Analysis of Assessments of the Russian Economy, 2022–2023. Institute for New Economic Thinking. Working Paper. No. 204. https://doi.org/10.36687/inetwp204
  9. Goodfriend, Marvin (2007). How the World Achieved Consensus on Monetary Policy. National Bureau of Economic Research. Available at: https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w13580/w13580.pdf. Working paper.
  10. Ha’aretz (2022). “Putin’s Senior Adviser Reportedly in Israel After Leaving Russia Over Ukraine Invasion,” 6 May. Available at: https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022–05–06/ty-article/putin-senior-advisor-reportedly-in-israel-after-leaving-russia-over-ukraine-invasion/00000180–9e4c-d7a9- a393–9e4dacaa0000
  11. Intellinews (2023). Russia Is Successfully Evading Western Technology Sanctions. 6 Mar., Available at: https://www.intellinews.com/russia-is-successfully-evading-western-technology-sanctions-271899/.
  12. Kantchev, Georgi, and Evan Gershkovich (2023). Russia’s Economy Is Starting to Come Undone. The Wall Street Journal, 28 Mar. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/russias-economy-is-starting-to-come-undone-431a2878.
  13. Marcus, J. Scott et al. (2022). The Decoupling of Russia: High-tech Goods and Components. Bruegel, 28 Mar. Available at: https://www.bruegel.org/blog-post/decoupling-russia-high-tech-goods-and-components
  14. Marder, Michael (2023). Through the Russian Looking Glass. Project Syndicate, 13 Jan. Available at: https://www.project– syndicate.org/commentary/russia-return-soviet-planned-economy-ukraine-war-putin-by-michael-marder-2023–01
  15. Münchau, Wolfgang (2022). “Are sanctions making Russia richer?” The Spectator, 28 May. Available at: https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/are– sanctions-making-russia-richer/.
  16. Scannell, Kara and Jessica Schneider (2022). “How fast could you sell this? Russian elites scramble to move, sell assets to get ahead of international crackdown.” CNN. 5 Mar. Available at: https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/05/politics/sanctions-russian-oligarch-elites/index.html
  17. Shirov, A.A. et al. (2022). Quarterly GDP forecast. Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Issue No.55. 20 Sept. Available at: https://ecfor.ru/publication/kvartalnyj-prognoz-ekonomiki-vypusk-55/.
  18. Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey et al. (2022). Business Retreats and Sanctions Are Crippling the Russian Economy. Yale Chief Executive Leadership Institute, 20 Jul. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4167193
  19. Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey, and Steven Tian (2023). A Year After the Invasion, the Russian Economy Is Self-Immolating. Yale Insights, 21 Feb. Available at: https://insights.som.yale.edu/insights/year-after-the- invasion-the-russian-economy-is-self-immolating
  20. Stevenson, Tom (2022). America and Its Allies Want to Bleed Russia. They Really Shouldn’t. The New York Times, 11 May, Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/11/opinion/russia-ukraine-war-america.html
  21. Summers, Lawrence H., et al. (2023). The Moral and Legal Case for Sending Russia’s Frozen $300 Billion to Ukraine. The Washington Post, 20 Mar., Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/03/20/transfer-russian-frozen-assets-ukraine/
  22. The Economist (2023). “Russians have helped make Dubai's property market red hot – again” 5 Apr. Available at: https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2023/04/05/russians-have-helped-make-dubais-property-market-red-hot-again
  23. Van Dijk, Zana (2022). “Russia: The cheese side of things”. Dairy Global, 3 Mar. Available at: https://www.dairyglobal.net/industry-and-markets/market-trends/russia-the-cheese-side-of-things/
  24. Yellen, Janet L. (2023). Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen in Kyiv, Ukraine. 27 Feb. Available at: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1305
  25. Zumbrun, Josh (2023). Academic Fight Erupts Over Measuring the West’s Pressure on Russian Economy. The Wall Street Journal, 3 Mar. Available at: https://www.wsj.com/articles/academic-fight-erupts-over-measuring-the-wests-pressure-on-russian-economy-9aee8cc5